What is yoga?

In Western use, yoga is a discipline that provides psychophysical benefits, consisting of practices and theoretical studies aimed at improving:

• lifestyle;
  
• fortitude;
  
• physical and emotional well-being.

Yoga also includes gymnastics and breathing activities aimed at relaxation. Historically, however, yoga represents one of the six orthodox schools of the Hindu philosophical tradition. It has its roots in India and is closely connected to other concepts such as prana, chakra, meditation, samsara, and karma.

In modern times, however, the physical activities and positions implemented during this practice are linked to a specific form of Hata Yoga (the psychophysical exercises that we all now connect to the idea of yoga).

How is yoga done?

Modern yoga consists of a series of asanas: stretching-style postures; pranayama: breathing exercises; and savasana: lying relaxation. Depending on the yoga positions, there are various types:

• Ashtanga, the most physical;

• Bikram, to eliminate toxins;

• Power, the most dynamic;

• Yin, slower and more meditative;

• Karma is the least dynamic.

What is meant by meditation?

Meditation consists of a series of practices that aim to calm the mind, find balance, and manage emotions.

Usually the session takes place in a quiet place, and you must assume a comfortable position, preferably sitting. You must close your eyes and concentrate on your breathing, focusing on a mental object, and thinking only about the present.

In this way, those who practice yoga abandon negative thoughts and emotions, achieving well-being and calm.

Meditation is, therefore, a state of profound peace that occurs when the mind is serene and completely clear.

Meditation techniques

There are countless forms of meditation, which vary depending on geographical areas, philosophy, and currents of thought.

Here are the most famous:

• Zen meditation, which takes place in the classic sitting position, increases awareness and self-control.

• Transcendental meditation is practiced through the repetition of a mantra and helps to find harmony.

• Vipassana meditation is based on the focusing of an object and its movements; it allows you to raise your spirituality to a higher level.

What are the differences between yoga and meditation?

Meditation and yoga, these two practices have some differences:

• Yoga is a physical discipline that allows you to find a connection between body and mind and also generates benefits for psychological well-being.

• Meditation, as we have seen, is a contemplation exercise that allows you to see your thoughts from the outside. It helps to manage one’s emotions and to take a non-judgmental attitude towards what is observed.

When we talk about yoga-meditation, we do so because the first can be conducted within the second, combining the benefits of both practices.

When is yoga most suitable, and when is meditation?

The best time to undertake the practice of yoga or meditation can be recognized by observing the emotional deficiencies that are part of our lives. Yoga improves strength and resistance, involving aerobic exercises that are good for the heart and which improve balance and flexibility.

It improves the quality of life and sleep, relieving stress and enhancing memory, attention, and concentration. Meditation, on the other hand, has more introspective effects; it helps, for example, to relieve pain by focusing on a specific part of the body. It can improve the immune system and fertility, counteract stress, and improve self-confidence.

The state of calm and tranquility brought by meditation can stimulate creativity and concentration while also improving social relationships.